Revealing the secrets of copper wire types and performance
Types of copper wire are:
1. Hard copper wire
It is cold processed by wire drawing and has high tensile strength. It is suitable for conductors of overhead transmission lines, distribution lines and construction lines.
2. Soft copper wire
Hard copper wire is made by heating to remove the residual stress generated by the cooling process. It is flexible and bendable, and has high electrical conductivity. It is used to make conductors for communication and power cables, conductors for electrical machinery and various household appliances. .
3. Semi-rigid copper wire
The tensile strength is between hard copper wire and soft copper wire. It is used for tying overhead lines and wiring of radios.
4. Tinned copper wire
The surface of the copper wire is tinned to increase the weldability and protect the copper conductor from corrosion when the PVC or rubber insulation is extruded, and to prevent the aging of the rubber insulation.
5. Square copper wire
Copper wire with a square or rectangular cross-section is a material for manufacturing induction coils such as large transformers or large motors.
6. Oxygen-free copper wire
Copper wire with an oxygen content of less than 0.001% and extremely high purity. The copper content is above 99.99%. It will not be embrittled by oxygen. It is used to make wires in vacuum tubes, semiconductor component wires, and ultra-fine wires.
7. Enameled wire
After the copper wire is softened, the surface is coated with insulating paint and heated and dried. It is generally divided into natural resin and synthetic resin enameled wire.
8. Copper foil wire
A conductor made of flat and extremely thin copper wire wrapped around fiber wire.
9. Twisting first and then plating the wire
Unplated copper wires are twisted and then coated with aluminum.
10. Copper-clad steel
Generally used for coaxial line signal transmission (such as the connection between TV sets and VCDs, outdoor TV antennas, closed-circuit television, etc.). Harder lines have higher tensile strength and are used as long-distance cables in mountainous areas, across rivers, etc. For overhead lines, the conductivity is generally divided into 21%, 30%, 40%, etc. according to the copper thickness.
Performance of copper wire:
1. Conductor resistance
The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area.
2. Conductivity
Based on the resistance of a standard soft copper wire with a length of 1m and a cross-sectional area of 1mm2 at 20°C of 1/58ohm (0.017241 ohm), it is called 100% conductivity. The greater the resistance, the lower the conductivity, and the two are inversely proportional.
3. Bending resistance
One end of the single wire is fixed, and a weight is added to the other end to make it vertically downward, and then bent back and forth 180 degrees until the wire breaks. The more times the wire is bent, the stronger the bending resistance.
4. Breaking force
In tensile testing, the maximum load weight or force applied to the sample to cause it to break.
5. Tensile strength
During the tensile test, the tensile breaking force per unit area is experienced when the sample is broken.
6. Elongation
At a specified standard distance, the ratio of the increased length of the specimen after it is stretched to rupture to its original length. Conductors will have different impedances at different temperatures. Generally, 20°C or 25°C is used as the standard. The higher the temperature, the greater the impedance will be. In tensile testing, the maximum load weight or force applied to the sample to cause it to break.
