Biomedical material refers to the biological system and the role of the biological system, used to diagnosis, treatment, repair or replacement of tissues in the body, organs or to enhance their functions of the material. It can be divided into medical metal materials, medical polymer materials, medical ceramic materials, etc., of which medical metal materials occupy a large proportion, especially orthopaedic products, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular products.
Because titanium and human bone close to the human tissue has good biocompatibility, no toxic side effects, with other materials can not be compared with the advantages, so medical titanium in the medical field has been widely used.
Biocompatibility: minimal biological reaction with the human body, non-toxic and non-magnetic, as a human implant, no toxic side effects on the human body.
Mechanical properties: high strength, low modulus of elasticity, not only to meet the mechanical requirements, but also similar to the human body's natural bone modulus of elasticity, can reduce the stress shielding effect, more conducive to the growth of human bone healing.
Corrosion resistance: titanium alloy is a biologically inert material, which has an intentional anti-corrosion property in the human physiological environment, and does not pollute the human physiological environment.
Lightweight: the general density of titanium alloy is only 56% of stainless steel, implanted in the human body to significantly reduce the load on the human body.
Metallic materials are the first traditional materials used for trauma repair and orthopaedic treatment in the history of human biomedical development. From the 1930s, CoCr alloy, stainless steel has been used in the field of medicine and become the traditional medical metal materials; the 1940s, the performance of more excellent biomedical titanium has been studied and proved its clinical feasibility. Bio-medical titanium alloys have gone through three courses of pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys, improved titanium alloys, and low-modulus β-titanium alloys:
1950-1980: Pure titanium was used in the field of biomedicine for the first time, and proved to be a good biocompatible. Ti6Al4V was widely used in surgical repair or replacement materials.
1980-1990: V and Al were proved to be toxic elements to living organisms; the second generation of new and improved medical titanium alloys with Nb and Fe replacing V were developed.
1990-present: In the early 1990s, the first beta titanium alloy, Ti13Nb13Zr, was developed with better biocompatibility and lower modulus of elasticity, which initiated the development and use of beta titanium alloys for biomedical applications with excellent properties.
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