Lead brass
Lead is not actually dissolved in brass, and is distributed on the grain boundary in the state of free plasmas. According to its organization, there are two kinds of lead brass: α and (α+β). α lead brass has low plasticity at high temperature due to the harmful effect of lead, so it can only be cold deformed or hot extruded. (α+β) lead brass has good plasticity at high temperature and can be forged.
Tin brass
Add tin in brass, can significantly improve the heat resistance of the alloy, especially to improve the ability to resist corrosion of seawater, so tin brass has a "naval brass".
Tin can be dissolved into the copper solid solution, solid solution strengthening effect. But with the increase of tin content, the alloy will appear brittle r phase (CuZnSn compounds), is not conducive to the plastic deformation of the alloy, so the tin content of tin brass is generally in the range of 0.5% to 1.5%.
Commonly used tin brass are HSn70-1, HSn62-1, HSn60-1 and so on. The former is an alpha alloy with high plasticity and can be cold and hot pressure machined. The latter two grades of alloys have (α + β) two-phase organization, and often a small amount of r phase, room temperature plasticity is not high, can only be deformed in the hot state.
Manganese brass
Manganese has a large solubility in solid brass. The addition of 1% to 4% of manganese in brass can significantly improve the strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy without reducing its plasticity.
Manganese brass has (α+β) organization, commonly used HMn58-2, cold and hot state pressure processing performance is quite good.
Iron brass
Iron brass, iron to the precipitation of iron-rich phase particles, as the nucleus and grain refinement, and can prevent recrystallization grain growth, thus improving the mechanical properties and process performance of the alloy. Iron brass in the iron content is usually below 1.5%, its organization is (α + β), with high strength and toughness, high temperature plasticity is very good, can also be deformed in the cold state. The commonly used grade is Hfe59-1-1.
Nickel Brass
Nickel and copper can form a continuous solid solution, significantly expanding the alpha phase region. Adding nickel to brass can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of brass in the atmosphere and seawater. Nickel can also increase the recrystallization temperature of brass, prompting the formation of finer grains.
HNi65-5 nickel brass has a single-phase α-organization, room temperature has good plasticity, can also be deformed in the hot state, but the content of impurity lead must be strictly controlled, otherwise it will seriously deteriorate the alloy's hot working performance.
