C11000 Copper Alloy Technical Data Sheet - Knowledge

Material Identification

Designation System	Code	Standard Reference
UNS Number	C11000	ASTM B124/B152
European Standard	CW004A	EN 1412
Japanese Standard	C1100	JIS H3100
ISO Designation	Cu-ETP	ISO 1634-1

Chemical Composition (wt%)

Element	Minimum	Maximum	Typical	Notes
Copper + Silver	99.90	-	99.95	Primary constituent
Oxygen	0.015	0.040	0.025	150-400 ppm as Cu₂O
Silver	-	0.030	0.015	Counted in copper total
Lead	-	0.005	0.002	Impurity control
Iron	-	0.005	0.002	Impurity control
Tin	-	0.002	<0.001	Impurity control
Zinc	-	0.002	<0.001	Impurity control
Total Other Impurities	-	0.050	0.020	Excluding oxygen

pressed and drawn seamless pipe Seamless round pure copper tube

Physical Properties at 20°C

Property	Metric Value	Imperial Value	Test Method
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity	≥58 MS/m (100% IACS)	≥100% IACS	ASTM E1004
Electrical Resistivity	1.724 µΩ·cm	6.79 µΩ·in	ASTM B193
Temperature Coefficient	0.00393 /°C	0.00218 /°F	-
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity	390 W/m·K	270 BTU·ft/(h·ft²·°F)	ASTM E1461
Specific Heat Capacity	0.385 J/g·K	0.092 BTU/(lb·°F)	-
Thermal Expansion (20-300°C)	16.5 × 10⁻⁶ /°C	9.2 × 10⁻⁶ /°F	ASTM E228
Physical Constants
Density	8.94 g/cm³	0.323 lb/in³	-
Melting Point	1,083°C	1,981°F	-
Elastic Modulus	117 GPa	17,000 ksi	ASTM E111
Poisson's Ratio	0.34	0.34	-

Mechanical Properties

Annealed Condition (O60/O61)

Property	Value Range	Typical	Test Standard
Ultimate Tensile Strength	210-250 MPa	230 MPa	ASTM E8/E8M
0.2% Yield Strength	70-100 MPa	85 MPa	ASTM E8/E8M
Elongation (50mm gauge)	45-55%	50%	ASTM E8/E8M
Rockwell Hardness	45-65 HRB	55 HRB	ASTM E18

Cold-Worked Tempers

Temper	Reduction (%)	UTS (MPa)	YS 0.2% (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Hardness (HRB)
H02	~25	300	200	25	70
H04	~50	350	280	10	85
H08	~75	400	320	5	95

Fatigue Properties

Test Condition	Endurance Limit	Cycles	Notes
Rotating Beam (R = -1)	~90 MPa	10⁷	Room temperature
Axial Load (R = 0.1)	~120 MPa	10⁷	Annealed condition

Fabrication Characteristics

Process	Suitability	Parameters/Notes
Forming Operations
Cold Drawing	Excellent	Deep drawing ratio r̄ ≈ 2.0
Bending	Excellent	Min. bend radius = 1t (annealed)
Stamping	Excellent	Clean blanking possible
Hot Working	Good	Temperature range: 700-900°C
Joining Methods
Soft Soldering	Excellent	Use rosin-based flux
Silver Brazing	Excellent	Preferred for HVAC applications
Resistance Welding	Fair	Control expulsion
TIG/MIG Welding	Limited	Porosity issues
Friction Stir Welding	Good	Solid-state process
Machining
General Machinability	Good	Tool life index: 20 (Brass = 100)
Recommended Speed	120 m/min	Carbide tools with flood coolant

Corrosion Resistance

Environment	Performance	Corrosion Rate	Comments
Atmosphere (Urban)	Excellent	<0.01 mm/year	Forms protective oxide
Fresh Water	Excellent	<0.005 mm/year	Suitable for potable water
Seawater (static)	Good	0.02-0.05 mm/year	Copper-nickel preferred >2 m/s
Neutral Soil	Good	Variable	PE sleeve in acidic conditions
Reducing Atmospheres	Poor	-	Risk of hydrogen embrittlement

Applications by Industry

Industry Sector	Typical Applications	Key Requirements Met
Electrical Power	Busbars, switchgear contacts, transformer windings	High conductivity, reliability
Electronics	PCB traces, connectors, RF components	Conductivity, solderability
HVAC/Refrigeration	Heat exchanger tubes, refrigerant lines	Thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance
Construction	Plumbing, roofing, architectural elements	Durability, formability, aesthetics
Automotive	Radiators, brake lines, electrical harnesses	Heat transfer, vibration resistance
Marine	Heat exchangers, piping systems	Seawater compatibility

Applicable Standards

Organization	Standard Number	Description
ASTM International
	B124	Copper and Copper Alloy Bars and Rods
	B152	Copper Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
	B187	Copper Busbar
	B188	Seamless Copper Tube
	B837	Seamless ID-Controlled Copper Tube
European Standards
	EN 13599	Copper and Copper Alloys – Chemical Composition
	EN 13601	Copper Rod, Bar and Wire for Electrical Purposes
International Standards
	ISO 1634-1	Wrought Copper – Chemical Composition
	ISO 2009	Copper and Copper Alloys – Cast Products
Japanese Standards
	JIS H3100	Copper and Copper Alloy Sheets and Strips
	JIS H3250	Copper and Copper Alloy Seamless Pipes and Tubes

C11000 vs. C12200 Copper: How to Choose

C11000 and C12200 are both widely used copper grades, but they are optimized for different applications. The key difference is that C11000 offers higher electrical and thermal conductivity, while C12200 provides better weldability and is better suited to pressure-containing tube and piping applications.

Property	C11000 Copper	C12200 Copper
UNS	C11000	C12200
Common name	Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) Copper	Phosphorus-Deoxidized Copper
Copper content	≥ 99.90% Cu	Balance Cu, typically ≥ 99.9%
Oxygen	Contains controlled oxygen	Essentially oxygen-free/deoxidized
Electrical conductivity	Very high	High, but lower than C11000
Thermal conductivity	Excellent	Excellent
Weldability	Fair; care needed with hydrogen-containing atmospheres	Excellent
Brazing	Good with proper procedures	Very good
Pressure piping	Possible, but not the first choice	Excellent
Heat exchanger tubing	Good	Excellent
Electrical conductors	Excellent	Good
HVAC/refrigeration tubing	Good	Excellent
Typical standards	ASTM B75, B152, B187, etc.	ASTM B75, B88, B280, etc.

1. Choose C11000 when electrical conductivity is the priority

C11000 is the better choice for electrical applications because it provides extremely high electrical and thermal conductivity.

Typical applications include:

Electrical busbars

Switchgear components

Electrical connectors

Conductors

Transformer components

Heat sinks

General copper plates, sheets and bars

If your main requirement is maximum conductivity, C11000 is usually preferable.

2. Choose C12200 for tubes, piping and welding

C12200 is phosphorus-deoxidized copper, commonly known as Cu-DHP. Its major advantage is its excellent suitability for welding, brazing and fabrication.

It is particularly common for:

Plumbing tubes

HVAC and refrigeration tubing

Heat exchanger tubes

Condenser tubes

Water pipes

Gas lines

Pressure-containing copper tubing

For example, ASTM B88 C12200 copper water tube is widely used for plumbing, while ASTM B280 C12200 copper tube is commonly specified for air-conditioning and refrigeration applications.

Quality Control Testing

Test Category	Method	Frequency	Acceptance Criteria
Chemical Analysis
Copper Content	OES/AAS	Each heat	≥99.90% (incl. Ag)
Oxygen Content	Inert gas fusion	Each heat	0.015-0.040%
Mechanical Testing
Tensile Properties	ASTM E8/E8M	Per lot	Per specification
Hardness	ASTM E18	Per coil/bar	Per specification
Electrical Testing
Conductivity	ASTM E1004	Per lot	≥100% IACS
Dimensional Control
Thickness/Diameter	Micrometry	Continuous	±tolerance
Non-Destructive Testing
Surface Quality	Eddy current	As required	No detectable defects

Storage and Handling

Parameter	Recommendation	Rationale
Storage Environment	Dry, ventilated area	Prevent tarnishing
Humidity Control	<60% RH	Minimize oxidation
Temperature	Ambient	Avoid thermal cycling
Packaging	Moisture barrier, VCI paper	Corrosion prevention
Handling	Clean gloves, avoid scratching	Maintain surface quality

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